Reverse - This is where the image area is set so that the paper shows through, and the non-image area is created by the ink on the paper. This is most often done with text, but it can also be done with certain images. Reverses can be done in various color modes. They are simply created by setting them to Paper, instead of an ink color. Reverses can be done in .indd (InDesign) and .ai (Illustrator) file formats.
Vector Art - Vector images are free of pixels and are created through mathematical formulas. This means that they may be sized up and down without any effect on resolution. Vector images are great for logos and various other graphical elements, particularly when creating ones that require precision or scaling. They can be made in both RGB and CMYK color modes. Acceptable file formats are .eps (Encapsulated PostScript), .ai (Illustrator), and PDF.
Grayscale Raster - Grayscale images are compiled from a series of black and white pixels, along with those in various shades of gray. These are what we typically call Black and White images. Since these are raster images, their resolutions are greatly effected by scaling up or down. They can be created in Photoshop (or other image software) by selecting the Grayscale color mode. Though they can be created in several file formats, the best option is .tif.
Duotone Raster - Duotones are very similar to grayscale rasters, except they also include a spot color to add a tint to the image. Selecting the Duotone color mode and the desired spot color will produce a Duotone image. Keep in mind that if you are going to print the Duotone, that the spot color may need to be converted to CMYK before sending it off for output. File formats for these are a bit more strict and should be limited to the .eps file type.
Silhouette Raster -A silhouette is created through the use of a clipping path, commonly done in Photoshop. Silhouette rasters can be done in most color modes, but they should always be saved as an .eps file. This is the only way to have the image appear clipped without actually deleting the rest of the image.
Full Bleed Raster - Full bleed rasters can be done with grayscales, duotones, or four color images. What makes them special is that they need to be a high enough resolution to extend (bleed) off of all sides of the page. It can sometimes be difficult to find images large enough to be a full bleed without hindering resolution.
Four Color Raster - Four color rasters, obviously, use all four colors of the CMYK process. These are simply what we would refer to as full color images. The best format to save a four color raster is a .tif.
Screen Tint -A screen tint is done where a Pantone spot color is converted to a process color for printing. This is most often done when working with duotones that will be printing, since duotones begin with a grayscale image and a spot color.
Sources:
McCue, Claudia. Real World Print Production with Adobe Creative Suite Applications. Berkeley, CA: Peachpit, 2009. Print.
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